Of the worms, there are large amounts of parasitic shapes (more than 260 species) that belong to the subtypes of flat and round worms.Parasitic worms have long been known to the scientific expression of the helmink, in this respect the branch of parasitology was called helmintology.With the term "helmints", the word "worms" from the Latin root coincides, which means "slippery".
Representatives of parasitic diseases belong to the kingdom of animals.They are parasitized on other organisms (plants, fungi, animals), and therefore science has been parasitology by studying all parasitic organisms.It is a general parasitology, and Helmintology has already been distinguished from it, that is, a science that studies diseases caused by parasitic worms.
The development of parasitic worms requires the owner, that is, the creature whose body is a constant or temporary habitat of the parasite, but at the same time serves as a source of nutrition.The owners of the parasites are divided into intermediate (they pass the Helmin through the larva stages) and the final (in them and only in them the Helmin is sexually mature, invasive).
No organ, and no person is safe from the possibility of the invasion of one or the other, but this is when the parasite is already in the human body.
Others are no less importantThe smallest qualities, namely:
- For example, in an ancient helmin, as in ascaride, the effect of its anti -enzymes - antipepsin and antipine that violate the digestive process should be taken into account.Volatile substances in internal fluid-acaride cause various toxic-allergic reactions: urticaria, bronchospasma and cramps, lacrimation and headache;
- The stage of development (egg, larva, replacement of owners);
- Sexual reproduction in which the exchange of genetic information occurs, and this is the stage of the highest development that leads to an increase in heterogeneous population, ie they will be less vulnerable and reached, harder to "achieve" them;
- The great duration of individual life (years, sometimes as much as the owner of the parasite, and this means the chronic course of helminthia);
- The ability to suppress or modify the host's immune Response, That is, Sooner or Later, State of Functional Immunodeficiency Arines,As well as the Conditions for the "terminating" of endogenous soccer of infection, if any prevityly there are (which, unfortunately, often haappen) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often) and often)
- The presence of one or the other helmint of the immune response is weak and unstable, which means that there is virtually no immunoprophilaxis method;
- the widest distribution, many habitats (water, soil, air, plants, etc.);
- The ability of the egg to survive for a long time in the external environment.
These features allow one or the other to remain in "inhumane conditions".
The incidence of helminthiasis is extremely high in the world: 4 billion of people on the planet are hit by one or another type of helminthosis, and since many at the same time, the "carriers" of multiple parasites, the picture becomes even more impressive.
The reaction of the body
A person who has powerful compensation-adaptive reactions, the immune system, various non-specific protective obstacles and, when exposed to helmin, cannot react to his presence, although sometimes the almost asymptomatic course of helmintsiasis can be observed.But this is extremely rare, and most often the following can be identified:
- Various toxic-allergic reactions, often skin.In fact, if the cause of such reactions remains unfortunate and clinical manifestations are made, first and foremost a thorough examination of the presence of the Helmintes invasion is required;
- Neuropsychiatric disorders.These are caused by a helminic invasion in which toxic substances are constantly entered into the blood, maintaining a certain level of toxin, which leads to irritability, emotional seizure, "non -motivated" eruptions, loss of concentration, endurance, rapid fatigue and sleep.Increasing general weakness is typical.One of the patients, the athlete, complained that "he has no power to shake a friend on treatment";
- Dyspeptic syndrome: diverse, from Ephal to obvious symptoms, including discomfort or abdominal pain, often rare localization and intensity, buzzing and bloating, and feeling of blasting in the abdomen;And changing appetite as a result of growth (one of the reasons for a doctor's justification: "good appetite, which means I'm healthy") and a significant decrease in appetite to anorexia;It is a stool disorder from constipation to diarrhea;This is the development of multifactoral deep dysbiosis;
- It feeds on the owner's blood, because hemophages absorb vitamin B12 and disrupt the process of absorption of the antenemic substance in the small intestine, the intestinal mucosa is often and in a shallow, but in a large area.This leads to chronic blood loss and, in some cases, to the formation of anemia (anemia).Here, the inhibitory effect of toxins on the hematopoietic organs should be taken into account, which is also important in the development of anemia.In the case of helminthias, the increased content of eosinophils is often detected (leukocyte cells are actively involved in allergic reactions);
- The presence of helminth invasion, the development of anemia, especially in children, can lead to retardation and physical underdevelopment of growth, probably even with increased appetite;
- In children, toxico-allergic reactions are often observed in the planned vaccinations;
- Helmink often worsens the worsening of chronic diseases, while the location of helmin and the location of the interested body may be completely different in the body localization;
- Occasionally not very often, and perhaps here the principle is that "it is not profitable to destroy any parasite to the end, otherwise it will not be parasitized because it is lost and food and food overnight," but nevertheless the conditions that are compatible with the owner's life arise.For example, liver echinococcosis, finnosis of the brain.It should be noted that even the pathogenicity of helmintek fluctuates widely depending on the subject matter of parasitism.For example, for a person, echinocok is extremely dangerous, and cattle live safely for many years with organs germinated with Einocochus bubbles, which reach a weight of several kilograms.
Characterization of parasitic worms
The Helmintei of the human body does not reproduce, except species such as the cutter, the dwarf tape.Helmin enters the body in the form of eggs or larvae.Direct infection of people affected by helmints does not occur except those that are consulted (gimonocepidosis, entorobiosis).
Infection by other helminthias either on the soil (dirty hands - intestinal - ascaridosis), or when the skin contacts the soil (strunggyloidosis) or water (schistosomosis) or meal (shadowarnichosis, diphyllobotriosis).
In the body, helmintek lives in different organs and tissues: in the gut - ascarides, pinworms, tapworms, tape;in the liver - echinococci, opistorchi;In the muscles - Trichinella;In the lungs - Paragonimus, in the blood - Philles, Schistosomes.
Olistorchus filineus
Infection of humans or animals occurs when consuming raw or dried fish: ya, roach, bream.A bicondelog parasitic in a person's liver and bowel, dog, cats.Changes in the liver are characterized by jaundice, hepatitis, gallstones, and cirrhosis.It is not recommended to consume raw or cooled fish for prevention.
Lung bullparry paragoninus Westermani
These bicycles live in pairs in the lungs, the smallest bronchi cysts.The owners of a man, cat, dog, pig.
The infection occurs when the raw crabs or crabs affected occurs.A bicondelog penetrates the abdominal cavity and then through the membrane - into the lungs.The clinic is characterized by a stubborn cough, especially in the morning, with a rusty color with a mixture of blood.When they affect the metastasis of eggs or parasites themselves, the liver, the spleen, the brain are affected.Damage to the clinic's brain depends on the location of the parasite (cramping syndrome, paralysis, seizures).
It is not recommended to consume raw crabs and cancer for preventive purposes.
Another class has flat worms - these are ribbon worms, which are divided into tape and chain units.
The overlapping ribbons are the inhabitants of the vertebrates of the intestine.
Together with similar properties in striptease worms, there are significant differences between the tape and the tapeworm.This is particularly important in the diagnostic plan when needed to identify parasites.
The tapes are released by the Helmin - a wide ribbon (dif film), which causes a disease called diphyllobotriosis.The tape is wide - a huge helmin, reaching 15 m length.It is a cutting parasite, a person, dogs, cats live in the small intestine.
Man is infected if not enough fried or poorly salted fish (river - roff, perch, burrot; lake - trout, gray) with live larvae.The infection is often fresh, so vibrant pike occurs through caviar.Some lovers hold the caviar from the abdomen directly into the mouth and the larvae can work, causing infection.
In the clinical form of diphyllobotria, dispeptic disorders apply: discomfort and pain in the abdomen of unstable localization, buzz, nausea, sometimes vomiting, appetite, and unstable stool.It often develops, especially during the long age of the disease, anemia (anemia).One of the main causes of anemia in dipillobotriosis is vitamin B12 deficiency.
Helmin removes vitamin B12 and other nutrients, enthusiastically sucking them with the entire body of the body, which, like the key to the lock, approaches the intestinal joint boundary and thus increases the suction surface.As anemia develops, the number of red blood cells decreases and degenerative forms appear, including macrococytes and megaloblasts.This shows that a latent invasion will occur, which can lead to malignant anemia in the future, face, skin, skin, sharp weakness, tachicardia with waxy popes.
The clinical picture of the disease does not always allow the correct diagnosis in the diagnosis of diphyllobotriasis, so the method of covrovoscopy is of great importance here, which allows the detection of the eggs in the stool, which is released into the external environment 3 weeks after the infection.
The eggs come out with the dog's stool and stick to the wool.These can be listed in a person's mouth and swallowed when the infected dog is stroked and then they take food with unwashed hands.The same can happen with a dog kisses.In the northern countries where dogs are the closest pet for humans, echinococcosis in humans is quite common.
The clinic of echinococcosis is characterized by pains in the appropriate hypochondria, where the formation of tumors is determined with a smooth round surface and when breathing with the liver.As a complication of the disease, supernation of cysts or cysts, breakthrough into epidermis, sharp pain, jaundice, and liver in the liver, can form several abscesses, leading to death.
Echinococcosis of the lungs is dominated by individual cysts, more often located in the lower lung.At the initial stage, the disease is often diagnosed randomly, with the X -radiation test of the chest.Over time, coughing, hemoptsis, chest pain appears.It should be noted that the growth of echinococcus cysts in the lungs is often not lower than the growth rate of malignant tumors.In the diagnosis of echinococcosis, the methods chosen are: radiological, ultrasonic examinations, tomography, scanning, laparoscopy, serological methods.
In order to prevent, the rules of personal hygiene should be strictly observed when dogs are kept and cared for;Be sure to wash your hands after contacting your dog;Avoid dogs for people and food food;Limits the direct relationship between children and dogs.Wandering dogs can be caught everywhere.
It is essential for the health education of the population.
Dwarf chain - hymenolepis nana
The disease it causes is called hymenolipidosis.The size of the dwarf tapen is negligible against a wide tape and is only 1-4 cm long.
It is noteworthy that the development of dwarf tapeworms occurs with an owner in which the Larva stage first passes through and then becomes sexually mature.Thus, a person in this case is both an intermediate and ultimate master.
The main habitat of the tapeworm is the ileum and usually parasitizes many people (about one and a half thousand copies are found in the patient).
In the clinical picture, abdominal pain, weight loss, unstable stools, neuropsychiatric disorders (insomnia, cramps, epileptic seizures).
The diagnosis is confirmed when the eggs of the dwarf tapeworm are confirmed and the release of eggs is often continuous, so it is recommended to study 2-3 times a month for negative results.
Prevention: The dwarf shade is primarily parasitized in children, so in the childhood institution, where patients were observed, all children and employees should be examined to presence this helminic invasion.This also applies to family members.
The widespread non -dimeosis is a helmintes invasion such as ascariasis
The pathogen is a human roundworm.The ancient Russian name of Ascarids is string.The figurative folk language, which comes from the word "string", is precisely characterized by the elasticity and elasticity of Helmin's body.Human infection with mature, invasive eggs and soil particles, when consumed poorly washed vegetables and berries, infected fruits, sometimes when drinking water from open reservoirs.
Askarids is associated with "restless" helmints, their activity and mobility are a common cause of atypical localization.They are able to introduce into the appendix, which causes acute appendicitis;In the liver and pancreas wires in fever, liver colic, abscesses, jaundice, advanced cases - to break the liver;The duct can reach the upper respiratory tract, provoking the nasal passageways and even eustachian tubes.The obstruction of the intestine, caused by the tube of the ascaride or the gut reflex, is not even excluded in the presence of any parasites.
The diagnosis is strengthened by the presence of eggs in the stool, but it should be borne in mind that ascaroid eggs are missing in the bowel movements in the presence of immature or old females in the intestine, and when parasitized by some men, which are observed in 3.5 % of cases.Prevention: Vegetables and fruits should be thoroughly washed and turned into boiling water before meals
Another type of nematodes is enterobiosis.This disease is caused by the vermicular cutter.
In the perianal region, in addition to itching of severe skin, irritation and combs lead to polymorphic dermatitis.Pinworms and larvae may be penetrated into urogenital paths, vagina in women.Functional changes in the intestine are: pain in the better Iliac region, diarrhea, decreased appetite, and nervous system disorders with headaches, poor sleep, irritability, and decrease in performance.
The fact that patients themselves often remember the release of Pinworms.The needle in the intestine is not egg eggs, so they are extremely rare in the bowel movements.The main diagnostic method is perianal scraping in various modifications, the "sticky tape" method.
To prevent enterobiosis, children should be separated to pinch, suck and lick their fingers.The nails should be cut briefly and their cleanliness should be followed.The room must be often placed with wet cleaning and ventilation.Chairs, floor toilets and night pots are poured into boiling water.
The main treatment methods
- Pumpkin seed
- Men's fern extract, pumpkin seeds, dchlorophene
- Walnut
- St. John's Beer is perforated
- Devyasil
- 1 teaspoon.Dry rhizomes stick with bark for 8 hours in 1 glass of cooled boiled water and stretch.Take 1/4 cup four times a day 20 minutes before meals.
- Boil 20 g of rhizomes with roots in 1 glass of water, stick for 4 hours, stretch.Take 1 tablespoon.l.3-4 times a day 20 minutes before meals.
- Carrot
- Grate multiple root plants on a file or pass through a meat grinder;Press the juice.Mix fresh juice with honey or sugar before using.Take 1 tablespoon.l.2 times a day every morning and 1-1.5 hours before meals.
- 3 tablespoons.l.Boil the grated carrots into 1 glass of milk.Remove the carrot for 1 tablespoon.l.3-4 times a day before meals.
- Fat brush
- Tansy
- Mary Anti -Clad
- Birch
- 1 teaspoon.The birch buds stick to 1 hour 1/2 cup boiling water, voltage.The infusion is divided into 3 parts.Drink an entire daily dose in 3 doses.
- Boil 5 g of birch deals for 15 minutes in 1 glass of water, stick for 1 hour, stretch.Take 15-20 drops of water 2-3 times a day.
- Daisy
- Dandruff
- 1 teaspoon.The roots and herbs of the dandelion are administered for 1 hour in 1 glass of boiling water.Take 1/4 cup 4 times a day 1/2 hours before meals.
- The roots of the dandelion are powder (dose placed on the tip of the knife) with water three times a day, 1/2 hours before a meal.
- Mistletoe
- 1 teaspoon.Stick to Omela in 1 glass of cold cooked water.Take 1/3 cup three times a day.
- Boil 30 g in 1 liter of water.Take 1/2 cup three times a day.
- Nuts
- They sow the garlic
- Siberian larch
- Fern
- Timyan is normal (garden thyme)
- Pumpkin
- Pomegranate
The mechanism of action: changes the motor activity of the parasite, the first relaxation, and then causes the muscle contact.At the same time, Helmin is expelled due to the retreat waves.
Application and dose method
Internal.They are primarily used in the presence of contraindication to the extract of male fern.2 days before treatment, a daily cleaning enema is prescribed and a salt laxative is on the eve of the evening.On the day of treatment, an enema was made on an empty stomach, regardless of the presence of the chair.
Application and dose method
Inside, children-0,25-0.5 g, adults-10-1.5 g;once a day.Complete 5-7 daily treatment courses at 7 days.A month later, an ordinary treatment course is prescribed.
Application method
3 teaspoons.The dry leaves stick in 2 cups of boiling water for 20-30 minutes.Drink warmly in more tricks like tea.
Application method
10 g Dry John Worts Grass Brewery in 1 glass of boiling water, stick to it.Take 1 tablespoon 2-4 times a day after a day.
Application method
Application method
In medical practice, dried worm flowers are used.They are rubbed into mortar and mixed with sugar, jam, honey, 5 g of "Citvar core" (for adults), three times a day for 2 days before meals;After the last night reception, a laxative is prescribed.
Side phenomena of overdose: vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, breathing suppression and heart activity.
It is basically used in adults rather than children because of toxicity.The centers and essential oil have antihelmintic effects against nematodes, especially in terms of ascaridosis and enrobiosis.For this purpose, dried flowers can be made in powder, infusion (1:10) and enemas from the upper extract.And 1 tablespoon.l.Three times a day (ascaridosis and enterobiosis).
Application method
1 teaspoon.The dry top of Marie Anti -gass, as well as the fruits, stick to 2 cups of boiling water and tension.Take 1 tablespoon.l.Three times a day 20 minutes before meals.
The decoction of the kidneys has an anti -scarcity effect on the round worms.
Application method
The decoction is used to expel small worms.
Application method
2 teaspoons.Stick with herbs with Niva flower baskets for 4 hours in 1 cup boiling water, trunk.Take 1 tablespoon.l.3-4 times a day.Stronger infusion for washing and creams.
Each part of the plant has antihemintic effects.
Application method
Omel has Anthelmintic (round worms) action.
Application method
Walnut oil is taken as the Ascaridalidus anthelmutal agent.
Warm garlic decoction is used for anthelmintic enemies.With the help of Pinworms, a slice of garlic onion is introduced into the anus that kills the parasites.
We get turpentine from the larch.In folk medicine, turpentine is used as a cure for tape worms.
Rhizomas have a very effective effect on tape worms.
Timol is obtained from the essential oil of the plant, which affects ribbon worms, paralyzing their muscles.
Gray-green-skinned cleaned seeds are lost and mixed with water against the tapes (tapeworms).
Application method
The pumpkin seed takes the empty stomach;Dose for adults - 150-200 g, children - 50-100 g.
Adults for adults, 300.0 g, 5-7 years old, 200.0 g, up to 5 years or 5 years, up to 100-150.0.0 g.
The consistent purpose of the pumpkin seeds is to increase the efficiency of treatment in a traditional portion and fern extracts (adults 2.5-3.0 g).The fern extract is prescribed one hour after the pumpkin seeds are taken and a laxative is given after taking the fern extract.
The roots and branches of the grenade have a very paralyzing effect on the worms of the ribbons.
Application method
1 teaspoon.Boil the skin leather perishability from fruit or pomegranate flowers (shells) in 1 glass of water for 2 hours.Take 1 tablespoon.l.Three times a day before meals.
Treatment should be started as soon as possible.